From an idea by Dr Eugene Garfield in 1955 [1], the SCI was first published in 1964 as a five-volume print edition of indexed scientific work. This was made available online in 1972, quickly followed by the Journal Citation Reports in 1975.
Thomson Reuters have created a 50th anniversary web page with more information, a full timeline, and some vintage video instructions!
1. Garfield, E. (1955). Citation Indexes for Science: A New Dimension in Documentation through Association of Ideas. Science, 122 (3159),108-11.
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